Sertraline for dogs: everything you need to know about its use and effects on behavioral problems

What is sertraline?

Sertraline, a well-known antidepressant from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs), is not only used to treat behavioral problems in humans, but also in dogs. Among other things, it is known as the strongest SSRI. But how exactly does sertraline work in dogs and what should pet owners know about its use? In this article, we shed light on the mode of action, areas of application and important information on the safe use of sertraline in dogs.

Trade names

If you are not familiar with sertraline, other words may mean something to you: Sertraline is available under various trade names, including Gladem®, Zoloft® and various generics.

How does sertraline work?

Sertraline acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) by blocking the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic nerve cells. This means that more serotonin remains available in the synaptic cleft - the space between nerve cells - which improves signal transmission between neurons and leads to an increase in serotonin levels. As serotonin plays a central role in mood, anxiety management and emotional stability, sertraline helps to alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. By acting specifically on serotonin, the effect on other neurotransmitters remains minimal, which reduces side effects compared to other antidepressants.

What makes sertraline special?

Dogs suffering from anxiety, aggression or obsessive-compulsive disorder can benefit from sertraline as it regulates serotonin levels in the brain, providing more stability and balance. In contrast to similar SSRIs such as fluoxetine or fluvoxamine, the spectrum of action of sertraline differs significantly. It has a strong anxiolytic effect, promotes exploration and is known to have few side effects in dogs. A common observation is even an increase in appetite, which can be beneficial in certain dogs.

From tryptophan to serotonin

Serotonin is formed in the body from the amino acid tryptophan, which occurs naturally in the food we eat. The conversion to serotonin takes place in various cell types, but the intestines and brain are the most important production sites for the well-being of humans and dogs. If it is produced in the intestine, it enters the bloodstream directly, but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore cannot reach the brain. In order for tryptophan to overcome this barrier, it must be bound to special transport molecules - a crucial point, as tryptophan competes with other substances for one at these transporters. This means that not only if there is a lack of tryptophan in the diet, but also if there is strong competition at the transporters, too little tryptophan can enter the brain, possibly causing a serotonin deficiency in dogs.

Once tryptophan has crossed the blood-brain barrier, it is converted to serotonin in special cells (the raphe nuclei) via an intermediate stage. There it acts as a neurotransmitter throughout the brain. Serotonin is often referred to as a neuromodulator, as it influences many areas of the brain simultaneously and can therefore change the overall mood.

Dose and use of sertraline

No information on the dosage of sertraline should be given over the Internet, as only a veterinarian or a specialized behavioral medicine specialist can determine the correct amount individually for each dog. The dosage must be carefully adjusted to the specific needs and health condition of the animal in order to avoid side effects and achieve the best effect. Interactions with other medications must also be taken into account.

Side effects of sertraline

Possible side effects of sertraline include insomnia and restlessness, which paradoxically can also be accompanied by tiredness. Nausea and occasional bleeding are also possible, as well as tremor (muscle tremors) and dry mouth. In rare cases, serotonin syndrome can occur, a serious reaction that requires immediate veterinary treatment.

Afraid of serotonin syndrome?

Serotonin syndrome is a condition that can occur when a dog's serotonin levels are too high. Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite and body temperature, among other things. However, too high a serotonin level can cause a number of health problems and symptoms:

• Restlessness
• muscle tremors
• fever
• diarrhea
• vomiting
• increased heart rate
• increased blood pressure

In more severe cases, convulsions, coma and, in extreme cases, even death can occur.

Serotonin syndrome can develop when a dog takes certain drugs that increase serotonin levels - including sertraline, especially if these drugs are taken incorrectly or in overdose.

Serotonin syndrome is usually treated by discontinuing the medication that triggers it. In some cases, the vet will administer other drugs to reduce serotonin levels. Prompt veterinary treatment is crucial to prevent serious complications.

Conclusion on sertraline in dogs

In summary, sertraline can have a supportive effect in dogs with behavioral problems such as anxiety and aggression when used selectively and under veterinary supervision. As with any drug treatment, proper dosing is crucial to minimize side effects and achieve the best possible effect. Close collaboration with a veterinarian or behaviorist is therefore essential to ensure the health and well-being of the dog.