Behavioral changes during heat: What is normal?

Is your bitch behaving differently?

Many dog owners notice a certain change in their dog' s behavior during and after heat. But what is behind this? Is this normal or is there cause for concern? In this article, we would like to explain why behavioral changes can occur after heat and what you as an owner can do to support your dog during this phase.

The sexual cycle briefly explained

First of all, it is important to understand what the sexual cycle in bitches is. Depending on the literature, this can be described as either seasonal monoestrous or polyestrous: This means that they go through one ("mono") or several ("poly") sexual cycles per year. On average, the heat interval is 6 to 7 months, although there are large breed-related and individual differences that affect the duration, interval and intensity of the heat. Smaller dog breeds tend to have shorter intervals between heats, while larger breeds have longer intervals. Thus, the intervals between heats can vary between 4 and 12 months. In addition, there are breed dispositions that occur regardless of size. For example, heritage breeds such as the Dingo and the Basenji have longer heat intervals, while the German Shepherd tends to have shorter intervals.

Phases of the sexual cycle

Depending on the source, the sexual cycle is divided into four phases, with heat being described by the first two phases (proestrus and estrus). These phases are of great importance in understanding the behavior and fertility of the bitch.

• Proestrus
• oestrus
• Metoestrus
• Anoestrus

The start of each heat, including the first and each subsequent bleed, is triggered by hormones. Follicles containing egg cells mature in the ovaries. The follicles produce oestrogen, which is responsible for typical symptoms such as swelling of the external vulva, bloody discharge and attraction to male dogs. This phase lasts about 10 days and is characterized by a build-up of bleeding.

This is followed by the stationary heat, during which the eggs are released and the bitch is ready for mating. This phase also lasts around 10 days. After ovulation, the follicles transform into corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. This hormone production takes place regardless of whether the bitch has been mated. This can lead to false pregnancy, in which the udder swells. In addition to progesterone, the hormone prolactin also plays a role, which influences breeding behavior. A false pregnancy is not a disease, but a normal phase that lasts around 8 weeks. After this, the bitch enters a hormonal resting phase until the next heat begins.

The hormonal change afterwards

After the heat, your bitch's body undergoes a hormonal change. This change in hormone levels can affect her behavior, especially the hormone progesterone, which increases after the heat. This hormone prepares the body for a possible pregnancy - even if your bitch has not been mated. During this time, your bitch may become calmer or more affectionate, sometimes even appearing more withdrawn or irritable. These hormonal fluctuations are completely normal and usually subside after a few weeks.

However, regular health checks can help to detect possible hormonal changes and abnormalities at an early stage.

Mood swings

Some bitches also show mood swings after being in heat. They can suddenly seem more affectionate or more distant. Your bitch may like to play less or withdraw. These changes are usually temporary and should normalize over time. It can help to give your dog extra attention and rest during this phase - depending on how she is feeling - to increase her well-being.

False pregnancy

A common phenomenon after heat is the so-called false pregnancy. This is when your dog behaves as if she is pregnant, even though she is not. She may start treating toys or other objects as "puppies", build a nest and even produce milk. False pregnancy is a natural reaction to the hormonal surge, but can be emotionally stressful for the bitch. It is important that you show patience during this time and do not stress your bitch further.

What can you do?

If you notice that your dog's temperament changes after her heat, there are a few things you can do to support her:

• Rest: give your bitch time and space to relax. Don't overwhelm her with activities she may not want to do.

• Health check: If you feel that the change in temperament lasts for an unusually long time or your dog shows signs of pain, it is advisable to consult a vet. Sometimes hormonal imbalances or other health problems can be the cause.

• Falsepregnancy: If your dog shows signs of false pregnancy, such as collecting toys or building a nest, you should not encourage her excessively. Avoid excessive attention at such times so as not to reinforce the behavior.

• Activities: Adapted activities can help keep the dog moving without overwhelming her. Mental stimulation, such as brain games, can also have a positive effect on mood.

Does spaying help?

Behaviors that occur during heat and are due to sex hormones can be safely prevented by spaying. Other behavioral changes are generally not to be expected as a result of castration if they are not triggered by these hormones. The symptoms of false pregnancy (such as swelling of the teats, guarding and protecting stuffed animals and general listlessness) are also prevented by castration .

Conclusion on changes in temperament due to being in heat

A change in temperament after heat is completely normal for many bitches. The hormonal changes and the associated behavioral changes can usually be overcome with patience and calm. Observe your dog closely and give her the time she needs to recover. If you have the feeling that something is wrong, a visit to the vet is always a good idea.